in which van different products of bamboo are displayed

He etal. bamboo bench beijing sandeep triennial rethinking week core77 truss Bamboo extracts contain valuable elements, which are used in pharmaceuticals, creams and beverages. Ladapo etal. Pre-treatment of bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) with dilute sulphuric acid before enzymatic hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugars has also been investigated [38]. Fact is, everything that can be made from wood can also be made with bamboo. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. The use of bamboo fibres as reinforcement in composite materials has been immensely amplified with high-tech revolution in recent years. Some bamboo-based products include house construction materials, household items, biofuel, chemical and pharmaceutical products, pulp and paper, irrigation and drainage pipes and textiles materials, panels, flooring materials, charcoal, edible shoots and other daily-use articles [75, 77]. Maleic anhydride treatment has been reported to improve the mechanical (Modulus of elasticity and flexural modulus) as well as water-resistant properties (water uptake) of bamboo-epoxy composites [60]. Bamboo has been reported to be valuable in health care delivery and processed into beverages, medicines, pesticides and other household items such as toothpaste, soaps, etc. During this pyrolytic process, bamboo is converted to stable charcoal. [64] developed and reported an efficient and eco-friendly technology for the improvement of interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibre-Unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. Lee and Wang [70] used lysine-based diisocyanate (LDI) as a coupling agent for polylactic acid/bamboo fibre and poly(butylenes succinate)/bamboo fibre composites which improved their tensile and water resistance properties. The part transformed to alcohol represents the yield of 250380l ton1 of bamboo [94] while that of sugar cane, when compared gave an average yield of 70l of alcohol ton1 [95]. Percentage of world bamboo resources by continent [14]. Silane coupling agents have a hydrophilic structure with different groups attached to the silicon atoms that can act as a bridge; one end is interacting with the matrix and the other end reacting with the hydrophilic fibres [64]. Also, bamboo pipes do not contaminate the water being conveyed and do not react with the soil; unlike the other assorted materials, thus preventing the excessive cost of treating the water being conveyed for the various human and animal uses [101]. Others include resins, waxes and inorganic salts. Nath etal. Licensee IntechOpen. It can be used for almost all parts of houses, including posts, roofs, walls, floors, beams, trusses and fences [14]. The liquor ratio was 20, and the pH was maintained at 10.5. It Wasnt Always That Great, A Decade of Reading Found Just 13 Books That Can Truly Change Your Life, Nature Lost: The Books of Robert MacFarlane and Jackie Morris, Suicide, Selfishness and the Cycles of Life. It functions well in removing sputum, enhancing digestion, relieving toxicity, improving dieresis and it is frequently used for healing swollen tissues or oedema and abdominal disease in which watery fluids collect in cavities or body tissues [76]. Bamboo stems present excellent physical and mechanical properties that can be used as a substitute for other materials such as steel aiming fabrication of concrete structures. Similarly, Kumar and Kumar [50] in their work confirmed that the alkali and silane treatments with nano-clay filler improved the dielectric and mechanical properties of bamboo-epoxy composites. [30], when comparing the annual biomass yield between bamboo and Miscanthusspecies, reported that of bamboo to range from 5.9 to 49.5Mgha1year1. The area covered by bamboo in Africa has been estimated at 1.5 million ha with about 43 species [10, 16]; that of Myanmar has been estimated at 2.2 million ha and that of India estimated between 3 and 20 million ha [17]. Bamboo is a principal construction material in many countries, particularly in rural areas. Because of its excellent characteristics, some countries are renewing their bioenergy strategies to include bamboo. Bamboo beverage and beer have been widely accepted mainly in Asian countries such as China, Korea and Japan. With its high growth rate, a wide range of applications and renewability, bamboo resources occupy a noteworthy position in the twenty-first century as a versatile and vital raw material [20]. The Japanese have used the leaves of bamboo as fodder for livestock for hundreds of years. Properties such as appearance, strength and hardness combined with its rapid growth rate and capacity for sustainable harvesting have made bamboo an attractive substitute in different industrial sectors and these have successively created great opportunities for its development [3]. Bamboo Textiles And Fabrics: What You Need To Know Before Buying, Bamboo Beehives: A Unique Way To Make Your Own Honey. Bamboo paper has the same quality with paper made from wood. Unfortunately (due to the higher cost of mechanically extracted bamboo fibers), modern bamboo clothing is usually made from chemically processed bamboo, called: viscoserayon. After treating for 24h at 50C, the obtained bamboo fibre suspension was cooled then dialysed against distilled water to remove low molecular weight compounds. In recent years, the development and utilisation of bamboo have attracted particular attention, not only in paper, textile and food industry but also for construction and reinforcing fibres. Some minor applications include the use of its leaves for medical purposes, fresh edible shoots and culms for timber or as a raw material for pulping [8]. Bamboo is considered an alternative to wood owing to their excellent qualities in physical and mechanical attributes [23]. Bamboos have agronomical and technological characteristics highly essential to obtain cellulose [2]. In Latin America, farmers often use bamboo as beehives. Extractives from various parts of the bamboo plant have been used for hair and skin ointment, medicine for asthma, eyewash, potions for lovers and poison for rivals. Chemical composition of bamboo fibre [33]. Bamboo internodes (the part between 2 nodes) of larger diameter bamboo species such as Guadua angustifolia or Dendrocalamus asper are very well suited to make a bamboo beehive. Their potential and utilisation for cellulose, bio-ethanol and other related products have been studied. Crude fibre bundles of bamboo, obtained by drawing bamboo chips roasted at 150C for 30min, were first immersed in water at 60C for 24h, and then air-dried before removing impurities further by repeated rolling. Bamboo vegetable, bamboo edible shoots, bakery products, diary products, meat and aquatic products, Hardware for electronics, wrist watches, chains, fan blades, Ornamental plants, bamboo livestock feeds, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. SEM studies carried out showed a better dispersion of fibre into the PVC matrix due to an increased amount of coupling agents used. It has been recognised as a useful resource for this purpose due to its higher growth rate, annual biomass yield and significant amount of sugars [2, 21]. Bamboo gas can be used as a substitute for petroleum. It can grow in areas that are currently non-productive (e.g. The ashes of bamboo are used to polish jewels and manufacture electrical batteries. The treatment of bamboo strips with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF) resin followed by pressing at 140C improved the dimensional stability and strength properties of the strips. Many researchers have worked on the physical, mechanical and thermal behaviour (weathering behaviour, % water uptake, % thickness swelling and thermal stability), morphology properties and impact test of bamboo fibres reinforced novolac resin composites prepared using mercerised bamboo fibres. Activated bamboo charcoal has found application in cleaning the environment, absorbing excess moisture and producing medicines [81]. The enhancement in mechanical properties was also an indication of strong bonding between matrix and bamboo fibre [73]. In addition, with adequate technology, the stems can be used in the production of cellulose, bio-ethanol and starch [21]. Everything in between is possible with bamboo!". Given its proprieties, bamboo continues to be used for the production of new products. Craft products are to be developed differently, marketed and promoted in innovative and various ways if they are to compete and survive in the international market. Bamboo has been known to find large applications for both food and non-food industries. Top 10 exporter of bamboo globally in 2009 [10]. It is also given internally for treatment of bronchitis, gonorrhoea and fever. Subsequently, the fibre bundles were heated with 0.5% NaOH (w/v), 2% sodium sulphite, 2% sodium silicate and 2% sodium polyphosphate solutions for about 60min at 100C. Contact our London head office or media team here. Another significant product from bamboo is activated carbon. Many Filipinos use this bamboo to make "Kerosene Bamboo Cannons", which they use as an alternative to firecrackers, during Christmas and the New Year. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Li etal. In Asia, bamboo is quite common for bridges, scaffolding and housing, but it is usually a temporary exterior structural material. Usually, there is variation in the chemical composition of bamboo depending on their age. Bamboo provides food, shelter and medicine and serves as raw material for many industries. According to their morphology, bamboos are broadly divided into monopodial (or running) bamboos with leptomorph rhizome system and sympodial (clumping) bamboos with pachymorph rhizome system. [101] found that the use of bamboo (B. vulgaris) of predetermined lengths and diameters as a field drainage material was found effective. A few examples of bamboo paper products are coffee filters, paper cups, paper towels, toilet paper, cardboard, kraft paper, and bond paper. It is a chemical processing raw cellulose fibre to delignify and to remove the amorphous regions. What products are made from bamboo?

Bamboo charcoals are multi-functional materials pyrolysed from bamboo under anaerobic conditions. Its natural hollow form makes bamboo an obvious choice for manytraditional instruments such as a wide variety of flutes, but because of the excellent sound properties of solid bamboo panels it is now also used for making modern guitars. In the bleaching step, the bamboo fibre was placed in a polyethylene bag with 4% H2O2, 0.2% NaOH and 0.5% sodium silicate for 50min.

[96] developed a combined production process for cellulose fibres and ethanol from B. vulgaris, whichgave good results to bamboo use. Green composites, defined as biodegradable biopolymers reinforced by natural fibres, have very low impact on the environment, and thus they are one of the potential alternatives to replace conventional petroleum-based polymers and polymer composites. These differences in rhizome systems can be because of their adaptations to climate conditions to which the bamboos belong. [67] carried out a comparative study on the effect of alkali soaking, silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafting on the mechanical properties of cellulose/poly(l-lactic acid) composites.

He etal. In another interesting study reported by Kumar and Kumar [50], alkali treatment of bamboo fibre further increased the tensile and flexural strength of bamboo-epoxy nanocomposites by 60 and 42%, respectively, as compared to pure composites. Sodium chlorite was occasionally used to bleach the fibre to white. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The liquor-to-bamboo ratio was 20:1. The burnt roots of this species are used to treat ringworm, bleed gums and painful joints. Apart from the above, several other applications exist, though on a relatively small scale. Bamboo is found in abundance in Asia and South America [11]. The list of musical bamboo instruments is indeed very long and include xylophones, rainsticks, marimbas, angklung, castanets, drum sticks, zithers, slit drums, chimes, maracas, guitars, ukuleles, violins, Chapman sticks, pan flutes, didgeridoos, pipe organs, saxophones, clarinets, kazoos, whistles, trumpets, and piccolos just to name a few. Prior to bamboo utilisation in large scale as an economically viable engineering material, a study on properties and structures must be carried out. The problem with this method was that fibre bundles with diameters of 10010.4m were also formed during the extraction; therefore, the parameters were chosen to optimise separation of bamboo fibre by using a minimum amount of NaOH [48]. Cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are the three major chemical compositions of bamboo, and they are closely associated in a complex structure [31]. Bamboo is brilliant, just watch the video! Activated carbon is employed in the decolourisation of sugar and sweeteners, drinking water treatment, gold recovery, production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, catalytic process, off-gas treatment of waste incinerators, automotive vapour filters, colour/odour correction in wines and fruit juices. They contribute about 90% of the total bamboo mass. The comparison of alkaline and acetylating treatments showed that the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre-polypropylene composites were improved and adhesion between bamboo fibre and polypropylene matrix was enhanced. Today we see a boom of innovative bamboo products and applications as a sustainable alternative for wood. Bamboo is used to make musical instruments for thousands of years, probably as a percussion instrument at first, but later also for wind instruments and stringed instruments. Bamboo is endowed with a long fibre length, and this makes bamboo pulp suitable for papermaking. Bamboo is used to make musical instruments for thousands of years, probably as a percussion instrument at first, but later also for wind instruments and stringed instruments. The minor components are pigments, tannins, protein, fat, pectin and ash. The sap of B. vulgarisis given as a remedy for phthisis in the Philippines [100]. The treatment improved water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion perpendicular to grain after 24h of cold water soaking [63]. It has been found to have a high level of acetylcholine, which acts as a neurotransmitter in animals and humans [98]. [75] further reported that the current uses of bamboo in Nigeria represent only a fraction of economic activities in the country. Bamboo may, therefore, serve as the key to combating energy problem, especially in developing nations if adopted. Bamboo plays a significant role as a material for consumer products. However, bamboo is a green biofuel for fighting deforestation and climate change [92]. After treatment with 0.5% sulphuric acid solution for 10min and then being emulsified for 5 days, refined bamboo fibre was obtained. It competes in market of wood without restrictions. Read on and discover some of the coolest bamboo products you probably didn't even know they existed! Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The slurry was then freeze-dried to obtain dry bamboo fibre. Anwar etal. This goes from construction materials to food, medicine, musical instruments, fabrics, paper pulp, fencing, basketry, utensils, bicycles, and so on Therefor te better question would be: What products cannot be made from bamboo? Other common species of bamboo used for this purpose are shown in Table 5. Many bamboos are popularly used as ornamental plants to beautify homes and gardens. [21] reported that bio-ethanol production from bamboo can also follow the general process for ethanol production from other lignocellulosic materials, which including pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The mechanical properties of bamboo are strongly affected by the age, species and humidity. And as such, several outstanding bamboo fibres can be obtained and incorporate other materials to produce excellent performance composites that can favourably compete with many conventional materials. The result indicated that bamboo could be satisfactorily used as an alternative to the various assorted materials that are very common in markets to provide an advantage of cost, as well as easy transportation, handling and laying. In China, bamboo forests are recognised as a massive carbon sink in the global cycles of carbon. Besides, it is recognised as an industrial raw material globally and has tremendous potentials for economic development of nations [75]. Its often one of the first questions people ask when they are starting to learn about this amazing plant. Tea made from the bamboo leaf is rich in silica, which is important in bone and other rigid tissue health. Recently in another study, a solvent (concentrated phosphoric acid) and organic solvent (95% ethanol)-based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) methods have been developed to pre-treat bamboo [34].

The silane-treated bamboo fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composite showed excellent mechanical and thermal properties compared with the properties of polylactic acid composite containing delignified BF. Several studies were conducted on physical and mechanical characteristics to test the bamboo as construction material. In another study, the preparation of short bamboo fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites with various loadings percentages of chemically modified bamboo fibres was reported [62]. Bamboo rayon-copper nanoparticle composite fabric was also prepared using acrylic acid-grafted bamboo rayon revealed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which was durable until 50 washings [55]. Ethiopia has over 1 million ha of highland and lowland bamboo resources, which is about 86% of the African bamboo resource that serves as a subsistence material for rural communities [18, 19]. Some chemical and pharmaceutical products are cellulose, bio-ethanol, bio-methane, starch, charcoal, flavour and preservatives, bamboo leaf tea (see Table 5). Table 5 shows some typical bamboo species and parts used for this purpose [78]. China and India use bamboo mainly for producing pulp and paper. A popular saying is that every bamboo forest hides the instruments for a whole orchestra. The demand for a substitute to resources associated with environmental problems has brought about a strong interest in the use of raw materials and products that are renewable, sustainable and biocompatible. The various uses of bamboo for humans are quite remarkable. The morphological characteristics of bamboo fibres give paper made from bamboo a high tear index [97]. Love podcasts or audiobooks? Medicine made from the leaves of Pleioblastus amarusis used for treating fever, fidgeting and lungs inflammation [98]. This is due to the nutritious and active minerals (such as vitamins, amino acids, flavine, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, trace elements and steroids) they contain [76]. Some studies have also shown that bamboo resource could be considered as a candidate feedstock of biomass energy for its high growth efficiency [2, 9, 22]. In rural Tanzania, a bamboo pipe network is being used for providing safe and constant water supply to a large rural population [102]. They reported that the modifications improved the mechanical properties of the cellulose/poly(l-lactic acid) composites by improving the interfacial adhesion of the cellulose fibre and the matrix. The leaf bud of B. spinosais used in leprosy, fever and haemoptysis. In addition, it significantly prevented the penetration and movement of water in the composites and resulted in reduced water uptake rates and diffusion coefficients. They include bamboo (Kumamoto, Japan) with cellulose content of 47%, hemicelluloses 23% and lignin 28% [9]; bamboo with cellulose 43%, hemicelluloses 15% and lignin 26% [34]; bamboo (Dendrocalamus sp.) Chemical modification methods include alkali hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, coupling, etc.

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