The blank has a conventional cross-section which is best shown in FIGS. In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of the various possible embodiments of the invention: FIG. Whenever there is rise in temperature, the nitrogen gas filled above the mercury in glass tube usually comes down the column and gets stuck there. 
The close coupled condenser and vacuum connection offer and extremely short condensate travel path. Thermometer has a white back, a 6 to 7mm outer diameter, and a standard taper 10/18 inner ground joint. The strip extends from the upper end of the thermometer stem down into a wall of the bulb. In addition, the apparatus to form the aforesaid steps was relatively expensive and the process for operating the apparatus was expensive and required the use of skilled help, thus increasing the price of the thermometer. It does not tend to blow out too markedly because this transformation zone is not as hot and therefore does not flow as readily as the more highly heated downwardly tapering conical tip. This information can then be used to determine relative humidity and dew point. Hold the thermometer in a vertical position, bulb end down, 4 to 6 inches over the wood surface covered with paper, and then drop. Includes humidity table in C and F. Dimensions: 10" x 3" x 0.5". By means of a maximum thermometer, one can measure the maximum temperature over a predetermined time span. 2 is a fragmentary view of a thermometer blank used in the formation of the monocoque thermometer the present invention; FIG. It also has been proposed in a Chancy U.S. Pat. To prevent this difficulty, one must manages to get mercury thermometers inside when the temperature drops to 37C. The liquid in glass thermometer, is the most commonly used device to measure temperature and it is inexpensive to make and easy to use. Preferably, this is accomplished with a bulb that is of cylindrical configuration so far as its side wall is concerned, being either a short cylinder or a long cylinder, depending upon the ultimate desired configuration of the thermometer bulb. Furthermore, particles of dust often would become lodged in the thermometer during the fusing of the bulb to the stem, particularly so because the bulb was of comparatively large diameter and air-borne particles of dust easily could float into the same. A clinical glass thermometer in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bulb has a diameter equal to or not greater than 20% of the diameter of an imaginary cylinder circumscribing said stem..]..Iadd. NOTE: The 14/20 size accepts a 1 immersion 7/12 or 10/18 thermometer, while the, Related Products: Short Path Distillation Head, totally enclosed.This head maintains reflux ratio constant with changing throughput. Hence, the transformation section provides an attractive blend between the cylindrical configuration of the bulb and the triangular configuration of the thermometer blank immediately above the bulb. 
3,285,727. The RHT510 is a Hygro-Thermometer Psychrometer that measures Relative Humidity, Temperature, Dew Point, and Wet Bulb. They are considered inapt for applications involving extremely high or low temperatures. 453,324 filed Mar. Eliminates the hazard of splattering mercury by using a safe and easy to read red liquid. The vapor bypass is designed to give accurate thermometer readings. However, the apex of the conical tip is spaced from the bottom wall of the die cavity by an amount suitable to locate the finished bulb properly, i.e., in its desired position with respect to the triangular part of the thermometer blank. Point of reference i.e. The person must shake the thermometer to get it to read below the temperature just taken. 8 shows the lower end of the still-uninflated and conically shaped downwardly tapering tip of the thermometer blank while it is above the one-piece non-split upper end of the die cavity, the die cavity being illustrated in section beneath the aforesaid end; also the same figure shows in phantom (dot-and-dash lines) the position of the aforesaid end of the thermometer blank after it has been inserted into the die cavity preparatory to being inflated by pressurized gas; FIG. What Are the Causes of the Extreme Temperature Differences on the Moon? The blank also has an opaque strip 14 embedded into the blank extending longitidinally thereof. As can be readily seen in FIG. When the pressurized gas is introduced into the upper end of the thermometer blank as aforesaid, the lower end of the capillary bore will cause a pocket to be formed within the hot conical downwardly tapering tip of the thermometer blank. Partial immersion thermometers are useful if you have a shallow container which holds the substance to be measured. How to Convert Cable Size from AWG to Inches. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Temperature Transmitter Preventive Maintenance, Thermowell Installation near Critical Equipment. In the clinical glass thermometer field, thermometer bulbs are of three general types. Thus, the thermometer blank with the bulb thereon is placed in a heating chamber C (see FIG. The minimum distance is set at 4-1/2" (114mm). Mounted in fenestrated plastic armor with perforated bulb guard and suspension ring Range of -5 to +45C in 0.5 increments, black on yellow scale, downloadable as a CSV file Indicators include memory full, active alarm state and low battery; Hygrometer equipped models include WBGT (Wet Bulb Global Temperature), Heat, Mold and Comfort indices App can trigger indicator light for unit identification Includes Certificate of Compliance, Related Products: Data Logger Thermometer, The HT200 is a Heat Stress WGBT Meter which enables accurate measurements for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WGBT), Black Globe Temperature (TG), Humidity (%RH), Air Temperature (TA), Wet Bulb (WT) and Dew Point (DEW). Therefore, they must be handled with extra care because they are likely to break. After the thermometer bulb strikes the paper, catch the thermometer with your other hand to prevent breakage. He holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Arkansas. The expansion chamber is a small widening of the capillary on the end opposite the bulb, and it provides the necessary space. On the body of the glass tube, calibrated marks are provided which facilitates the reading of temperature. 2022 Reproduction without explicit permission is prohibited. They are followed by the usual steps that are employed to complete the fabrication of a clinical thermometer. Thus, temperature conversion would be needed if the temperature reading is wanted in some other scale. This new position is not indicated because it is not critical to the understanding of the invention. These thermometers used as gas flame to seal the lower end of a vertically held thermometer blank, slightly expanded the bore at the closed end by introducing gas under pressure into the bore, and then while the bulb still was at a temperature sufficiently high to enable the glass therein to flow, introduced the bulb into a split cavity mold where the bulb was inflated to the configuration of the inside of the mold. A thermometer as set forth in claim 1 wherein the diameter of the bulb is from 20% more to 20% less of the diameter of an imaginary cylinder circumscribing the stem..Iaddend. A swelling, or bulb, at the bottom of the thermometer stores the mercury used in calculating temperature readings. A stem, a glass tube containing a tiny capillary connected to the bulb and enlarged at the bottom into a bulb that is partially filled with a working liquid. Robert Korpella has been writing professionally since 2000. The expansion and contraction of this mercury size is then further increased in the extremely thin bore of the glass tube. as grooves, threads or mouths by blowing, Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes, Clinical contact thermometers for use with humans or animals, Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a liquid with provision for expansion indicating over not more than a few degrees, GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC, TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS, Method of making a clinical monocoque glass thermometer, Thermometer and method for its manufacture, Thermometer bubble pressing and blowing machine, Overflow machine is again used in mercury clinical thermometer production, Method of and apparatus for making tubing, Glass syringe barrel forming method and machine, Method and device for the production of foreign body-free glass vessels, in particular ampoules, injection bottles and the like. In this patent the bulb of the finished thermometer was in one piece with the glass of the stem. The importance of this will be pointed out subsequently. Reading temperature via liquid-in-glass thermometers call for brilliant eyesight. Korpella's work has appeared in a variety of publications. This causes the still-hot lower downwardly tapered conical end of the blank to expand so as to form a bulb having a hollow interior and an external surface which engages the walls of the die cavity. In such position, the heated tip 45 is located above a cavity 51 in a one-piece die 52. This type of vise also facilitates easy loading of the thermometer blank into and unloading of the thermometer blank from the chuck 18. They are comparatively cheaper than other temperature measurement devices. Next, the still-hot lower end, either with or without further application of heat to keep the same at a suitable temperature for deformation, is introduced into an open-topped cavity of a one-piece mold, i.e., a non-split mold. A monocoque clinical glass thermometer which constitutes a glass stem and a bulb formed integrally therewith. 3 and 4, it is basically of triangular shape with rounded corners at the back of the thermometer which is the portion wherein the strip is embedded and it also has a rounded corner at the front of the thermometer. As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein described or shown in the accompanying drawings is not to be interrupted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. The viewing cover can be removed to easily clean and change the bulb. 4 is an enlarged view of the thermometer blank and spring-loaded pins shown in FIG. This temperature should be recorded because a glass thermometer does not offer a recall of the measured temperature.. Used with 25mm immersion thermometer, and D27 distillation receiver. workplace and environmental hazards associated with mercury. Next, the bulb was rotated between cylindrical rollers to bring the bulb to a desired shape. The thermometer blank, as has been pointed out previously, is of triangular configuration in cross-section. The bulb is typically filled with either mercury or red-coloured alcohol and is free to expand and rise up into the tube when the temperature increases, and to contract and move down the tube when the temperature decreases. All that occurs is that the heat becomes uniformly distributed throughout the tip 45 preparatory to inflation of the closed end of the capillary bore. Single Position Calibration of Temperature Bath, Amazing for young girl like me.It really help. Moreover, this is accomplished without forming any external protuberances on the bulb that might irritate tender mucous membranes. Available with Vigreux indentations to improve efficiency. The lower end 45 of the stem of the remaining part of the glass blank still is hot. Thermometer Lengths 1212P31 - 10 in (254 mm) 1212P32 - 12 in (305 mm) 1212P33 - 15 in (380 mm) 1212P34 - 15.9 in (405 mm) 1212P35 - 18 in (460 mm), to ensure comfort and safety. Preferably, however, the present invention constitutes a thermometer with a cylindrical bulb inasmuch as, as has been mentioned previously, the unique configuration of the lower end of the bulb after the closing of the capillary bore lends itself peculiarly well to the formation of uniform side wall and bottom wall thicknesses in a cylindrical bulb. In the Liquid In Glass Thermometers (LIG) the thermally sensitive element is a liquid contained in a graduated glass envelope. Ultimately, the strand breaks and the strand, including the portion of the former blank beneath it, drops to waste. Thermometer has a white back, 6-7mm outer diameter and a standard taper 7/12 inner ground joint. General purpose bead wire Type K probe is included for measuring Temperature up to ~480F (250C), while the meter can measure to 2372F, minimum. A typical pressure is 20 to 25 lbs. Alternatively, the bulb was rotated with non-cylindrical dies to provide bulbs of different shapes. 3; FIG. The stem and the bulb had a flat side designed to be placed against a reading scale. as grooves, threads or mouths, Reshaping the ends, e.g. How to Explain Simple Vs. If the bulb diameter were smaller than indicated, the graduations would be too close together to read and, moreover, the wall thicknesses no longer would be substantially uniform, i.e., the side and bottom wall thickness would vary too greatly from each other. Actually, as clearly can be seen in FIGS. They employ alcohol as the filled in liquid in glass tubes. Although, as shown in the drawings, the diameter of the bulb is greater than the diameter of the circumscribing cylinder for the triangular portion of the unblown blank, it is within the scope of the invention to form the bulb to a diameter which is less than the aforesaid circumscribing cylinder. Then pressurized gas is introduced into the still-open top end of the capillary bore of the blank. The Farmers Almanac: How Does a Thermometer Work? This pinched point virtually stops the flow of mercury back into the bulb for an extended time. The thermometer has a straight opaque background strip embedded therein on the side of the capillary bore opposite from the lens. As compared to electrical thermometers, they are very weak and delicate. Typically, the stress as relieved is less than 200 lbs. Preferably, an inert gas such as nitrogen is used. When a thermometer is inserted in the top of this apparatus, the bulb and stem serve as column packing. A working liquid which is generally either mercury or alcohol. Phrased differently, the pressure of the gas, as it forms the pocket, expands and blows out the pocket concurrently in downward and radially outward directions. No. It is heated approximately 1/2 inches from the lower end 38 thereof (see FIG. 5 shows the step of heating the thermometer blank slightly above its lower end to a point where the heated zone of the blank starts to soften and elongate under the force of gravity; FIG. These thermometers display temperature either in Celsius or Fahrenheit scales. solidification point of 61.1C. The portion of the strip in the wall of the bulb is a straight continuation of the balance of the strip and is not twisted. It will be appreciated that the initial expansion of the downwardly tapered conical tip is both radially outward and downward. Hence, a stronger overall bulb section is created. If the bulb diameter were greater than the indicated percentage, the wall of the bulb would be too thin and too likely to break, it would be of a thickness which was thinner than the bottom of the bulb, which is undesirable, and it would not fit into openings of commercial centrifuges which are employed for re-setting the mercury column. The bulb is typically made of glass, but some thermometers may have bulbs made of stainless steel instead. The Clamp Hook locks into any position to support suspended thermometers, drying tubes and potash bulbs. No. All ranges have 1 subdivisions. The liquid in glass thermometer has a glass bulb attached to a sealed glass tube (also called the stem or capillary tube). The burners are so distributed and a sufficient number thereof is provided so that the portion of the blank being heated has its temperature substantially uniformly raised to a temperature above the flow point of the glass, for example, between approximately 1200 F. -1500 F. Due to the force of gravity on the part of the glass blank below the heated zone, the heated zone begins to stretch and forms an elongated section 42. 3 is a top view of the vise and thermometer blank shown in FIG. 1. The outer surface of the bulb is free from irregularities such as flash and preferably is cylindrical as in a clinical thermometer with a stubby cylindrical bulb or a long cylindrical bulb. A temperature scale which is basically preset or imprinted on the stem for displaying temperature readings. The third type has a short cylindrical bulb and is known as the security or stubby type. We Believe You Are Important, How Can We Help? Moreover, the chuck includes a resilient seal such, for instance, as an O-ring which surrounds a portion of the blank immediately below the upper tip thereof and forms therewith an air-tight seal. Includes two plastic-backed Celsius thermometers, one for dry bulb measurements and the other for wet bulb measurements. To overcome the difficulty with thermometers formed from separate stem blanks and bulbs of different materials, it has been proposed to form thermometers as shown in McGill U.S. Pat. Subsequently, the thermometer with the formed bulb thereon is charged with mercury, has thermometer graduations placed on the stem, has the quantity of mercury adjusted to conform to the thermometer, is evaculated and closed, the sequence of steps subsequent to the formation of the bulb varying with the manufacture and depending upon the particular methods employed for charging, forming the markings, closing and evacuating the upper end of the thermometer and adjusting the quantity of mercury therein. However, because the tip is of conical configuration, it already has reached the angle of repose of the glass under the influence of gravity at the aforesaid temperature and will not flow any further. 21, 1974, now U.S. Pat. Since mercury moves predictably at various temperatures, the scribed markings portray an accurate measure of the temperature at points along the capillary. Free Instrumentation Course for Trainee Engineers, Single Push button to ON and OFF a Bulb using Ladder Logic. In either event, the cavity 51 is of a uniform circular cross-section, except for the bottom which is rounded and concave to impart a convex-configuration to the lower end of the bulb. Why Does the Rate of Diffusion Vary With Molecular Weight & Temperature? It will be appreciated that the blank can be inserted into the vise first while the upper end of the blank is below the chuck, and that after the blank has been placed in the vise it can be moved longitudinally upwardly to engage the chuck. 2. FIG. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the cavity is approximately 15% greater than the diameter of the aforesaid imaginary circumscribing cylinder. A thin bore inside the stem gives mercury a route of travel as it expands and contracts. This strip is quite well known in the art, being employed as a background against which to read the height of the mercury column in the capillary bore 12 after the bulb has been inserted into a body cavity which causes the mercury in the bulb to expand and rise in the bore. Furthermore, the use of a rotating blank and a rotating die member or members resulted in unevenness of the walls of the thermometer bulbs which made them more susceptible to breakage. He is a certified Master Naturalist, regularly monitors stream water quality and is the editor of freshare.net, a site exploring the Ozarks outdoors. Alcohol thermometersare replacing mercury thermometers in many applications. Under the influence of gravity the portion of the stem below the heated zone pulls out the heated zone forming the glass into what looks like a very thin taffy strand. The indexing time between the various stations can be quite small, e.g. A very thin opening, called a bore, exists from the bulb and extends down the centre of the tube. Resolution is 0.1% RH Accuracy is 4% RH between 35 to 75%RH, 5%RH otherwise Humidity features include dew point/wet bulb functions, minimum/maximum memory and high/low alarms Temperature range is -40 to 158F and -40 to 70C Temperature accuracy:. 1) which uniformly) heat the conical tip 45 maintaining it as flow temperature. The freezing point of mercury is 38.83C at which it gets solidified. After annealing, the thermometer is completed, using standard techniques for charging mercury into the thermometer blank, adjusting the quantity of mercury in the blank, providing graduations on the blank and closing the upper end of the blank. Pursuant to the patent, the thermometer blank was held upright and the top portion heated to flow temperature of the glass. design for more efficiency. In it, the tip 45 is located centrally of gas jets 50 (see FIG. The chuck 18 and the vise 22 are attached to the undersurface of a rotatable disc 30, shown in FIG. Attention also is directed to the fact that the position of the apex of the tip 45 is above the bottom of the cavity 51. Still further, because the bulb is inflated in the die and is not rolled between dies, the opaque background remains essentially as straight in the bulb as it is in the stem. workplace and environmental hazards associated with mercury. Several such chucks and associated vises thus are secured to the disc 30 which contitutes, in essence, a segment of a dial machine that is intermittently advanced by a Geneva drive. Materials, such as alcohol, cling to the inside of glass containers, which can influence repeated temperature readings.
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