All You Need to Know, Ground Source Heat Pump Cost The Ultimate Buying Guide. The geothermal energy tax credit allows homeowners to, Geothermal HVAC reduces utility bills and uses. Single stage units run at full capacity whenever heating and cooling. For example, a 2,000 square foot home will cost between $3,000 to $5,000 to install. We track the estimates they get from local companies, then we share those prices with you. Otherwise, who supervises drilling subcontractors? Loop costs are below. Depending on the depth of the holes, they might hit water, but that doesnt improve or detract from performance or efficiency.
1 ton = 12,000 BTU = 3.5 Kw per hour.
GSHPs can offer between 25 and 50 percent savings on heating and cooling costs compared to conventional fossil fuel systems. If youre building a home, then you have the added cost of ductwork, usually $3,000 to $5,500 depending on home size, layout, and ductwork type. If you plan to use wells for intake and discharge of water, then the upfront cost goes up. A well-installed ground source heat pump system is capable of providing 3 to 4.5 times the amount of electrical energy it consumes in the form of heat energy for your home.
Will you perform an initial energy audit of my home before calculating the size of the system I need? Are energy-efficient appliances worth it? Get free estimates from heat pump installers near you or view our cost calculator below. COP, or coefficient of performance, is a way to measure the efficiency of a heat pump. Find top-rated geothermal contractors in your area. In a river, intake is upstream of discharge. As with air source heat pumps, you have three primary choices. The geothermal system life expectancy is longer than all other conventional HVAC systems that only last 10 to 15 years. However, they transfer the energy in distinct ways with different piping. Quality brands that only make geothermal include Bard, ClimateMaster, GeoStar, Hydron and WaterFurnace. Heavy machinery that requires special operator training is necessary to drill boreholes down to bedrock. *Prices use the average cost per ton. The constant supply of water that hasnt been heated (heat added) or cooled (heat extracted) makes them more efficient than closed loop systems. Sizes range from 2 tons to 7 tons, which is the equivalent of 24,000 to 84,000 BTU/hour. The total cost of installation for a geothermal heat pump system depends on a number of factors, from the type of ground loop you install to your heating and cooling needs, and ultimately to the geology of your property. What other incidental costs should I expect? The geothermal installation cost is the biggest expense, which depends on various home and property conditions: The federal tax credit for geothermal systems is 26% throughout 2022 and decreases to 22% in 2023. Installers put in undersized ground loops that cant match the homes heating needs. In some cases, conversions arent possible. Keep in mind that in all sizes, you have the option of single stage ($), two stage ($$) and variable capacity ($$$). Consider the following property requirements to install every kind of geothermal system: You can drive over geothermal lines once contractors compact the soil above them. One of the biggest advantages of ground source heat pumps (and a big reason why you can save on energy costs by going geothermal) is their efficiency. Most homeowners pay closer to the middle of the normal range of $21,500 to $32,000 based on the system size and the type of loop system used. How to compare air source heat pump options, How to compare solar hot water heater options, Are geothermal heat pumps right for you? Do you have an in-house installation and drilling team, or do you subcontract a driller from the geothermal system manufacturer? Some equipment is on the lower end of the quality scale (sometimes called contractor grade). Calculating payback period for ground source heat pumps. But the overall price is lower than for vertical systems because the trenching cost is lesser than the cost of drilling bore holes for a vertical system. How much does a tankless water heater cost? Ground source heat pumps, also called geothermal heat pumps, are your most efficient central HVAC option and your most expensive one. Installing split systems costs $3,000 to $5,000 extra for the additional labor. The obvious downside is that this setup doesnt provide air conditioning. Our guess is that the program or something like it will be renewed beyond 2023, but thats not a sure thing. The average for the above-ground equipment is 20-25 years with regular maintenance, though a little less for packaged components. Untreated air? This could be due to parts/supply shortages or quality/performance issues they are seeking to resolve. These are among the most commonly installed, but they require a large amount of property for the horizontal trenches. 
Compare the companys reviews from past jobs on HomeGuide, the Better Business Bureau (BBB), and Google. This ground-source HVAC system type employs ductwork. Installers select a geothermal loop type to suit the climate, soil, available space, and water quality of a well, pond, or lake on the property. Compare upfront costs with the cost of running the systems based on their efficiency levels. 15% to more than 60%? Are there extra fees for this service not listed in the quote? Expensive backup power units run too often with undersized ground loops. Aside from the high initial cost, the most common geothermal heating problems come from improper system planning and wrong installation of the loop fields and controllers. Most manufacturers offer sizes starting at 1.5 or 2 tons up to 6 tons. For further comparison, mini split ductless heat pumps range in efficiency from about 16 to 42 SEER. Energy-efficient mortgage loans are also available to finance geothermal system installations. Customized geothermal system designs are available for every climate and soil type. The Energy.gov site says (PDF), Geothermal heat pumps reach high efficiencies (300%-600%). What does that mean? *Based on 24 project costs reported by HomeGuide members. Auxiliary heat: The air handler is typically outfitted with electric heat strips ranging in size from 5kW to 30kW. Based upon the size of your home, the performance of your insulation systems, and more, your geothermal installer will recommend a certain size heat pump. Plus, forced air systems pick up dust and other allergens, and spread them around the home, so they are a poor choice for those with severe allergies or asthma. What is the federal tax credit for geothermal? The air handler blower circulates air over the coil, pulling in untreated air and pushing treated air into the rooms of your home through ductwork. The size and number of holes is, therefore, the largest cost factor. The number of holes is at least two but up to six might be needed with size from 4 to 8. Only ENERGY STAR certified systems are eligible. Get free custom quotes from qualified pros in your area. Millions of people ask HomeGuide for cost estimates every year. Ponds surface area must be 0.3 to 1.0 acre across or 14,500 to 43,500 square feet minimum. What is geothermal heating, and how does it work? Some statessuch as Massachusetts and Pennsylvaniaoffer residential rebates for ground source heat pump installations. 
Receive quotes from multiple pros that meet your exact needs. This means youll have access to reliable, low-cost heating and cooling for several decades, which in turn means significant lifetime savings from geothermal. Is there a federal tax credit for geothermal HVAC systems? The most inexpensive option will usually be a pond/lake loop, but youll need to have a body of water on your property for this to be a feasible option. A geothermal installer designs and sizes the system based on home energy audits, Manual J calculations, and specialized software. Packaged one-piece units go in basements, while homes with attic ductwork or low-ceiling basements typically have split systems. Mistakes made when installing geothermal lines cost thousands of dollars to fix. In addition to EER and COP, you can look for a government-certified ENERGY STAR label on some geothermal heat pump products. Expect to pay more money for a heat pump with a higher capacity if you have an especially large area to keep warm or cool. Horizontal loop ground source systems cost more than those using a body of water due to more extensive excavation. What is heat pump COP? Efficiency varies by location actually by the temperature of the water the loop is submerged in. Both systems include a compressor and a refrigerant coil plus a fan to cool the equipment.
Most likely, an air source or mini split heat pump will be a cost-effective choice over the first decade or so. The loop is submerged in the water, obviously. More energy-efficient than other ground loop systems. After circulation, the water either returns to the same well, a separate recharge well, or back to the pond. After 10 years, the energy cost savings you get from running a geothermal unit will begin to swing the advantage to geothermal. Compare air source heat pumps vs. ground source heat pumps. Most Efficient Rooftop Solar Panels for Homes in 2022, Are Solar Panels Worth the Cost? Check for leaks and correct ground loop pressure as well. The indoor equipment is an air handler, just like those used in air source heat pump systems. While these are the most affordable when a lake is available for use, that isnt common because local regulations in many areas prohibit these systems because of their impact on water supplies. Mini split systems are more efficient than air source heat pumps, with EER ratings of 12 to 18 for Energy Star certified units. Can you use any part of my existing heating system as a backup heater for the new geothermal system when retrofitting? For large homes with ductwork needed, expect to pay more for your geothermal installation. This makes it more efficient in absorbing and dumping heat. Retrofitting a geothermal system to adapt to the current HVAC system is highly complex and typically requires: Packaged geothermal units cost $2,500 to $8,000 on average, while split systems cost $3,500 to $8,000 for the unit only. As the refrigerant removes heat from the air in AC mode, the coil gets very cold. Horizontal ground loop geothermal systems are the most common residential geothermal option and are typically less expensive than vertical loop systems due to lower labor costs associated with the install. Still have questions? And with energy prices rising, operating costs might soon be the most important factor in the type of HVAC systems homeowners choose. Geothermal systems should get annual service to clean the coils, filters, ducts, and condensate traps. Water to water systems must have a rating of 16.1 EER (closed loop) or 20.1 EER (open loop). As with other closed loop systems, a water and antifreeze combination is used as the heat transfer medium, and the transfer takes place in a heat exchanger in the systems air handler. ENERGYSAGE is a registered trademark and the EnergySage logo is a trademark of EnergySage, Inc. Other trademarks are the property of either EnergySage, Inc. or our licensors and are used with permission. After the EPA banned R22 production in 2020, new closed-loop geothermal units now use either: Converting geothermal systems from Freon R22 to R-410A refrigerant costs $3,000 to $10,000 to replace parts. Key facts for geothermal heat pumps (GHP) and ground source heat pumps (GSHP): Geothermal heating costs $4,000 to $8,000 per ton on average, with prices ranging from $2,200 to $12,000 per ton, depending on the system type and site-specific work. Packaged: The other forced air option is a package heat pump one large outdoor component that contains the condensing unit and the air handler.
Get free estimates from geothermal installers near you. Another great benefit of GSHPs is their longevity: you can conservatively expect a new geothermal heat pump ground loop to last for more than 50 years and the indoor components to last for about 15 years. Geothermal heat pump cost varies widely some would say wildly because of your system options, which are outlined below. Contractors install multiple horizontal loops 4 to 10 deep in rows 100 to 400 long.
Air source units are available in SEER ratings of 14 to 26 SEER. They provide emergency heat if the heat pump fails. Coils stay submerged 8 to 12 deep to prevent freezing. Collect written contracts and warranties before making payments.
Geothermal pond closed-loop system installation. The most efficient are close to 34 EER, which is about 60% as efficient as an open loop system. Dont accept the recently banned Freon R22 in any new system. The intake and discharge points are separated by as much distance as the property allows to prevent the same water being drawn back in that was just released. These are radiant heat geothermal installations, with the equipment in a package, usually installed indoors. What's a Typical Cost To Install a Heat Pump? Save water usage on open-loop geothermal systems by recirculating a fixed supply of clean groundwater in and out of a private well. Energy Efficiency rating it measures how efficiently the heat pump uses electricity to remove or add heat to a dwelling. Older closed-loop geothermal units did use Freon R22 in their lines. While some debate remains on this subject, the best information is that horizontal loops are roughly 10% to 15% less efficient than vertical systems and closed loop systems using a water source. Variable capacity geothermal heat pumps are uncommon, but there are a few available. As water from the loop passes through the coil, refrigerant transfers heat to it, when in AC mode, or pulls heat from it in Heat mode. For more information on what rebates and incentives are available near you for geothermal heat pumps, visit the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE). Their disadvantage is shorter durability since all the equipment is placed outside and subject to the elements all day, every day. How long will this project take, and how do you handle unexpected delays? What size geothermal heat pumps are available? Specialized training is necessary to avoid problems with drainage, damaging utility lines, and connecting to home electrical and HVAC systems. If the heat pump is undersized and the backup heat runs a lot, it will significantly offset your efficiency savings by choosing geothermal. The downside is that ductwork is necessary. This link should be updated for 2022 by the end of the year. Geothermal heat pump prices alone are only 20% to 40% of the total system cost. There is no universal right answer because each situation is unique. Beware of ultra-low quotes that often mean lower-quality work. The three major types of ground loopshorizontal, vertical, and pond/lakeall come with varying costs. In summer, fluid in the loop absorbs heat that is transferred to it through the heat exchanger. Compare that with 18 to 30 EER for Energy Star ground source heat pumps, which makes mini split units 60% to 67% as efficient. Installing a geothermal pond closed-loop system costs $10,000 to $32,000 on average, depending on the size and pond location. Yes, when comparing the efficiency of traditional split system heat pumps to geothermal heat pumps. A piece of equipment called a desuperheater can be added to provide domestic hot water (water normally heated in a water heater) for your home. Experience is needed to properly design, size, and install geothermal lines to work efficiently. Trenches from 3 feet to 8 feet deep are excavated, and straight runs of piping or flexible coils of tubing are laid in the trenches and covered. Geothermal heating systems last 20 to 25 years for the indoor heat pump and 40 to 60 years for the ground loops on average. The payback period for a geothermal heat pump system can vary greatly depending on local utility rates and your upfront costs. Select contractors with several years of experience installing geothermal lines. Can you recommend design options to get the most-efficient geothermal system that prevents heat loss? It is efficient too because treated air isnt lost through leaky ductwork. A geothermal system draws heat from below the frost line where temperatures remain 45 F to 75 F. A closed-loop geothermal heating and cooling system works with these parts: Open-loop geothermal systems work similarly, except they transfer heat by pumping water from a backyard body of water. Whats the best way to contact the project supervisor? What are the best geothermal heat pump brands? Geothermal systems provide both heating and air conditioning using renewable energy from the constant temperature below the surface.
How much does a geothermal heat pump cost? How much does an air source heat pump cost? Along with the heat pump unit and ground loop, your home duct system is a vital component to any GSHP system. 20 to 34 EER. As a comparison, the best oil-fueled furnaces can only approach a 1-to-1 ratio of energy consumed to heat energy provided. Open-loop systems circulate well, pond, or river water as the heat-exchange fluid through the geothermal heat pump. Moisture in the air circulating over it condenses on the slanted coil, and it runs into a drain. Because these ground source heat pumps are not as efficient and can cost quite a bit more than an open loop system, the advantages are fewer. A geothermal heating system costs $100 to $200 monthly in electricity fees when properly sized. Excess heat goes to the desuperheater tank or underground. A geothermal heat pumps EER is a metric that rates its ability to cool an area efficiently.
Any home technology upgrade will come with a range of equipment options to choose from. The air handler is connected to the homes ductwork with a short duct. The price of a complete, new system is $14,000 to $42,000 thats the wild range. How do you manage hauling away or processing excavation debris? Air source systems cost less, around $7,500 to $20,000 installed, but are only 35% to 60% as efficient as ground source HVAC systems. Enter your zip code to find out what typical solar installations cost in your neighborhood. Capacity changes in small increments to keep the indoor temperature accurate to the thermostat. How many geothermal systems have you installed in this area? This is possible because ground source heat pumps move heat, rather than burning fuel. This is the cost for the equipment, either an outdoor condensing and air handler for indoors or a packaged unit that contains both. These systems work with homes that already have ductwork, so they make the transition to ground source heating and air conditioning less expensive. For example, the WaterFurnace 7 Series can be used in either loop type. Depending on the soil and rock type under your property, your installer may need to use a more or less expensive material for the ground loop to make sure your system isnt at risk of being damaged. Geothermals Big Question: Is cutting energy use and operating cost every month by 15% to more than 60% compared with an air source heat pump worth the upfront cost of a geothermal heat pump system? As a result, they are more popular in northern climates water to water heat pumps are the top choice in northern Europe, for example, and are catching on in the northern US where air conditioning isnt essential. What is treated air? In winter, heat is extracted from the intake water before it is discharged. The installed cost of a GHSP depends on the size of the area that you want to heat and cool. Both a custom home energy-loss analysis and industrial software are necessary to calculate the geothermal system size needed. Enter your zip code to find out what typical solar installations cost in your neighborhood. Ground source heat pumps are produced with efficiencies of 18 to 58 EER, which is equivalent to 20.5 to 67 SEER. If your cost estimate is in the upper-$20,000s, it will be close to average. Variable capacity heat pumps are the most expensive but also the most efficient and the best for indoor climate control of humidity and temperature balance. Do you use the official Manual J calculation method? Most have a COP of 4.0 to 5.5, or 400% to 550% efficient. Vertical loops are ideal for homes with limited backyard space and rocky soil conditions. Water submerged open loop: $14,000 $35,000, Water submerged closed loop: $15,000 $37,000, Horizontal closed loop: $17,000 $39,000. Check that the whole team, including the drilling-rig operator, has licenses. Select contractors accredited by The National Ground Water Association. Fluids inside the lines of shallow loop fields freeze in colder climates when not installed far enough below the soils frost line.
The average electric bill increases when backup heaters run during extreme temperatures or if the geothermal lines freeze. Open-loop geothermal systems cost $10,000 to $28,000 installed on average. Additionally, the federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit (also known as the Investment Tax Credit, or ITC) gives homeowners everywhere a tax credit equal to 30 percent of the total installed cost of a ground source heat pump system, provided that it meets Energy Star criteria. Open-loop systems are prone to mineral and sediment buildup and require more maintenance than closed-loop systems. Installation costs vary widely according to the home design. Additionally, geological conditions can influence costs. The more time and effort it takes for an installation crew to get to your property, the more you might have to pay. The 2023 credit is 22%. How have you handled past drilling complications?
If you are concerned about the price tag for geothermal energy, understanding the rebates and incentives available to you can help you determine if it is something you want to invest in. Horizontal and vertical ground loops are much more common in GSHP installations, and the type you install will depend on the available space on your property. Comparing pros and cons. For smaller homes with lower heating and cooling loads, expect to be on the lower end of this spectrum. Copyright 2009-2022 EnergySage, Inc. Do they have experience pressure grouting the space between the loop tube and the borehole wall after drilling? In some cities, discharge permit fees for pumping into ponds costs.
Requires an ample supply of clean water nearby, Many building codes and regulations apply for open loops with groundwater discharge.
Get three itemized quotes to compare from different companies. Ground source heat pumps typically have COPs between 3 and 5, which is also a ratio also representative of heat produced to electrical input. The most common options are forced air systems and radiant heat systems. 17 EER to 30 EER. They have a payback period of between 5-10 years according to the Department of Energy. A heat pumps heating efficiency is rated by COP. Ground source heat pumps with an ENERGY STAR label are certified by the Department of Energy as having above-average efficiency, making them the best choice for saving energy (and, therefore, saving on your utility bills). Open-loop systems use 5 to 8 gallons of water per minute.
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